第十四章 名词从句
二、复句与名词从句的关系
复句由主要从句(可独立成句)和从属从句(依赖主要从句)构成,名词从句是从属从句的一种,扮演名词角色,对比示例:
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单句(名词短语作宾语):I saw the mirror.
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复句(名词从句作宾语):I saw that the mirror was broken.
三、名词从句的分类与构造
1. 来自陈述句(Declarative Sentence)
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构造方法:陈述句前加无意义连接词 that(表“那件事/那句话”),直接转化为名词从句。
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示例:
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陈述句:He didn’t take the money.
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名词从句:that he didn’t take the money
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复合句:I believe that he didn’t take the money.
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2. 来自疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)
(1)Information Question(含疑问词)
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构造方法:疑问词(who/which/what/when 等)直接充当连接词,拿掉问号,还原动词顺序(疑问词非主词时)。
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示例:
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疑问句:What happened at his party?(疑问词为主词,无需调整语序)
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名词从句:what happened at his party
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复合句:I never asked him what happened at his party.
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疑问句:Where did he keep the money?(疑问词为副词,还原语序)
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名词从句:where he kept the money
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复合句:He never revealed where he kept the money.
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四、名词从句的核心位置(嵌入主要从句的名词角色)
1. 主词位置
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特点:that 从句作主词时,that不可省略;避免头重脚轻可⽤虚字 it 暂代,从句后移。
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示例:
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直接作主词:That he didn’t show up on time is strange.
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虚字 it 暂代:It is strange (that) he didn’t show up on time.(后移后 that 可省)
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wh-从句示例:Where he is hiding now is a big mystery.
2. 动词的宾语位置
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特点:that 从句作宾语时,that可省略;S+V+O+C 句型中,用虚字 it 暂代宾语,从句后移。
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示例:
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直接作宾语:The defendant said (that) he didn’t do it.
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虚字 it 暂代:I find it strange (that) he didn’t show up.
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wh-从句示例:He explained why he had bought so much stock.
3. 补语位置(主词补语)
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特点:that 从句作补语时,that可省略(句子不复杂时)。
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示例:
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that 从句:The important thing is (that) we are all right.
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wh-从句:The question is whether we can do anything about it.
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